Series

Article series that build a topic step by step, best read in order.

PID Series

Ongoing5 published · 5+ planned

A series on potential-induced degradation in PV modules. Section: MQT 21 Potential-Induced Degradation (PID)

1. High Voltage Difference, the Entry Ticket to PID
2. PID-s, PID-p and PID-c, the Root Causes of Three Kinds of PID
3. Temperature, Humidity, Glass and Encapsulant, the Other Half of What Decides PID
4. How Is PID Tested, and How Should You Read a Test Report?
5. Suspected PID in a Plant - How to Investigate, Recover and Prevent It

More articles planned

Junction Box Series

Ongoing1 published · 7 planned

A systematic guide to PV junction boxes. Section: Junction Boxes

1. What a Junction Box Does: Functions and Roles
2. Domestic Suppliers and Shipment Comparisonin progress
3. Test Methodsin progress
4. Manufacturing Processin progress
5. Standalone Junction Box Certificationin progress
6. Its Role in Module Reliabilityin progress
7. Smart vs Conventional Junction Boxes, and Where They Are Headingin progress

Ribbon Series

Ongoing9 published · 9+ planned

A systematic guide to PV ribbons. Section: Ribbons

1. What Ribbon Does: Functions and Roles in a PV Module
2. Ribbon Structure and Classification
3. Ribbon Materials: Copper Substrate and Coating
4. How a Spool of Ribbon Is Made: Production Process
5. Is the Ribbon Good? Test Methods and Key Indicators
6. Bonding Ribbon to Cell: Soldering Process Guide
7. Common Ribbon-Related Failures: From Dark EL to Cracked Joints
8. Ribbon and Module Reliability: What Tests Really Stress
9. PV Ribbon Industry: Growing Volumes, Thinning Margins

More articles planned

Flux Series

Ongoing0 published · 1+ planned

One of the smallest yet most influential materials in a module. Section: Soldering Flux

1. Soldering Flux: Functions and Roles in a PV Modulein progress

More articles planned

Encapsulant Series

Ongoing13 published · 13+ planned

A systematic guide to encapsulant films. Section: Encapsulant Films

1. Only 3%–4% of the Cost, Yet the Safety Net for 25 Years: What Does PV Encapsulant Actually Do?
2. Still Mixing Up EVA, POE and EPE? A Complete Guide to the PV Encapsulant Family
3. Same Resin, Very Different Films: Inside the Resin and Additive Formulation of PV Encapsulants
4. A Short Process Where Consistency Is Everything: How a Roll of PV Encapsulant Is Made
5. Is a "Passing" Degree of Cure Really Enough? Key PV Encapsulant Indicators and Test Methods
6. Why Does the Same Roll of Encapsulant Behave Differently on Two Lines? Encapsulant and the Lamination Process
7. From PERC to TOPCon, HJT and BC: Every New Cell Technology Sets Encapsulant a New Exam
8. With Modules Below RMB 0.7/W, How Should the Encapsulant Cost-and-Efficiency Sums Be Done?
9. Yellowing, Delamination, Snail Trails, Acetic Acid Corrosion and PID: A Complete Guide to Encapsulant-Related Module Failures
10. DH, TC, HF, UV, PID: What Do Module Reliability Tests Really Ask of the Encapsulant?
11. How Many Gates Does a New Encapsulant Have to Pass? Encapsulant Selection, Qualification and Incoming Inspection from the Buyer's View
12. One Company Holds Half the Market While the Rest Shake Out Through Losses: The PV Encapsulant Industry Landscape
13. To Crosslink or Not? How Perovskites, Flexible Modules and Recycling Are Rewriting the Future of PV Encapsulants

More articles planned

PV Glass Series

PlannedArticles being planned

A systematic guide to PV glass. Section: PV Glass

Frame Series

Ongoing1 published · 1+ planned

A systematic guide to PV module frames. Section: Frames

1. What a PV Module Frame Actually Does: The Module's Skeleton

More articles planned